L’introduction du tirage au sort dans les élections dans la République de Genève (1691) (notice n° 776871)
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| control field | 20250123111147.0 |
| 041 ## - LANGUAGE CODE | |
| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | fre |
| 042 ## - AUTHENTICATION CODE | |
| Authentication code | dc |
| 100 10 - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Barat, Raphaël |
| Relator term | author |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | L’introduction du tirage au sort dans les élections dans la République de Genève (1691) |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2019.<br/> |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | 50 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | À partir de 1691, le sort intervient à deux niveaux dans les élections des magistrats de la République de Genève. Au stade de la nomination en Petit Conseil, dans les élections des auditeurs, du procureur général et du trésorier général, on « retranche » au hasard un tiers des billets, qui sont brûlés avant le dépouillement. Pour les auditeurs, le sort intervient à nouveau au stade de la « rétention » finale des prétendants par le Conseil général : avant le vote des citoyens, deux des six prétendants sont « exclus par la boule noire ». Si la pratique du « retranchement » est abandonnée en 1700, le recours aux « boules noires » continue jusqu’à la Médiation de 1738. Si les sources existantes permettent difficilement d’évaluer l’effet du sort dans les élections, nous pouvons en revanche nous pencher sur la façon dont il a été justifié lors de son introduction en 1691, et sur les problèmes qu’a pu poser sa mise en place pour les différents acteurs. Il s’agit d’abord de décourager les brigues « en rendant la nomination incertaine ». Ce recours au sort s’inscrit aussi dans une réflexion plus large sur la difficulté de moraliser les élections, et constitue une réponse aux critiques de plus en plus nombreuses sur le manque d’efficacité des serments. Nous montrerons enfin quels problèmes posait la mise en scène du tirage au sort – recours à un enfant, exclusion en Petit Conseil ou « à la vue du peuple » ? |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | In 1691, sortition was introduced in two ways to the process used to elect the magistrates of the Republic of Geneva. When the Small Council nominated candidates for the positions of auditor, attorney-general and treasurer, one third of the ballots were randomly withdrawn and burnt before the votes were counted. For the election of auditors, sortition was also used in the final vote by the General Council (the assembly of all citizens). Before the citizens voted, two of the six candidates were ‘excluded by the black ball’. The Small Council stopped withdrawing ballots during the nomination process in 1700, but black balls remained in use for the election of auditors until the Act of Mediation in 1738.Although the primary sources available make it difficult to measure the impact of sortition on electoral results, they provide information about how the mechanism’s introduction was justified by the government of the Republic in 1691, and about the problems raised by the new practice for the various actors involved. Sortition was supposed to deter candidates from forming cabals by ‘making nominations uncertain’. The decision to resort to sortition was part of a larger debate on how to prevent the formation of cabals; it could be seen as a response to growing criticism of oaths for their lack of effectiveness in that regard. Finally, we shall examine what problems were raised by the staging of sortition as a performance: should the black balls be drawn by a child, should it be done in the Small Council or ‘in the people’s sight’, before the whole assembly of citizens? |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | siècle |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | e |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | république (période moderne) |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | tirage au sort |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | brigues électorales |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Genève |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | serments |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | xvii |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | seventeenth century |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Republic (early modern) |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | electoral cabals |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Geneva |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | oaths |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | sortition |
| 786 0# - DATA SOURCE ENTRY | |
| Note | Participations | Hors Série | HS | 2019-04-16 | p. 251-262 | 2034-7650 |
| 856 41 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-participations-2019-HS-page-251?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080">https://shs.cairn.info/revue-participations-2019-HS-page-251?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080</a> |
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