La nomination des fonctionnaires par tirage au sort en Chine à la fin de la période impériale (1594-1911) (notice n° 776874)
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| fixed length control field | 03685cam a2200337 4500500 |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION | |
| control field | 20250123111148.0 |
| 041 ## - LANGUAGE CODE | |
| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | fre |
| 042 ## - AUTHENTICATION CODE | |
| Authentication code | dc |
| 100 10 - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Will, Pierre-Étienne |
| Relator term | author |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | La nomination des fonctionnaires par tirage au sort en Chine à la fin de la période impériale (1594-1911) |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2019.<br/> |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | 53 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | Le tirage au sort des affectations de fonctionnaires locaux par le ministère de la fonction publique a été institué en 1594, à la fin de la dynastie des Ming, dans un contexte d’affrontements politiques entre factions rivales. L’objectif était de mettre le choix des postes à pourvoir, dont certains étaient considérés comme plus désirables que d’autres, à l’abri des trafics d’influence et de la corruption. Saluée au départ pour son impartialité, la procédure a très vite été critiquée pour les trucages qu’elle encourageait et parce qu’elle rendait impossible la désignation de candidats adaptés aux spécificités des postes à pourvoir. L’article montre qu’en dépit de ces oppositions, le tirage au sort d’un nombre croissant de catégories de postes administratifs est resté la norme jusqu’à la fin de la dynastie des Qing en 1911. Il a en fait cessé d’être un objet de débat à partir du tournant du xviiie siècle, en partie parce que les décisions relatives aux postes les plus importants et les plus rémunérateurs ont été progressivement transférées aux gouverneurs de province. Si elle permettait effectivement de désigner des fonctionnaires ayant déjà fait leurs preuves, cette évolution n’a fait que déplacer vers les provinces le problème de la corruption. Pour sa part, le trône se réservait de pourvoir directement les postes considérés comme stratégiques. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | The drawing by lots of local magistrate appointments by the Ministry of Personnel was instituted in 1594 in the late Ming dynasty amidst bitter factional rivalries. The aim was to protect the process of filling positions—some of which were deemed more desirable than others—from influence peddling and corruption. Though celebrated at first for its fairness, the new procedure was soon criticized, both because of the rigging it was inviting and for its inability to select men suited to the peculiarities of the positions made available. This essay shows that despite such oppositions, filling more and more categories of administrative positions by drawing lots remained the rule throughout this entire period until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911. It in fact ceased to be debated from the turn of the eighteenth century onward, the reason being in part that the power of appointment to the positions deemed the most important and financially rewarding was gradually transferred to provincial governors. While it did make possible the informed choice of experienced officials, this new situation only moved the problem of corruption to the provinces. On the other hand, the emperor retained his ability to directly fill the positions regarded as being of strategic importance. |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Ming |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | tirage au sort |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Gu Yanwu |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Qing |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | nomination fonctionnaire |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Sun Peiyang |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Chine |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Ming |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Gu Yanwu |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Qing |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | civil servants’ nomination |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | China |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Sun Peiyang |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | sortition |
| 786 0# - DATA SOURCE ENTRY | |
| Note | Participations | Hors Série | HS | 2019-04-16 | p. 303-342 | 2034-7650 |
| 856 41 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-participations-2019-HS-page-303?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080">https://shs.cairn.info/revue-participations-2019-HS-page-303?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080</a> |
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