« La Purge » : une expertise juridico-médicale de la lèpre en Auvergne au Moyen Âge (notice n° 862816)
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| fixed length control field | 05067cam a2200337 4500500 |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION | |
| control field | 20250123153328.0 |
| 041 ## - LANGUAGE CODE | |
| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | fre |
| 042 ## - AUTHENTICATION CODE | |
| Authentication code | dc |
| 100 10 - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Picot, Johan |
| Relator term | author |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | « La Purge » : une expertise juridico-médicale de la lèpre en Auvergne au Moyen Âge |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2012.<br/> |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | 8 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | RésuméDès le début du xiie siècle, l’Auvergne est témoin du retour d’une maladie absente depuis plusieurs siècles : la lèpre. L’endémie contraint les autorités locales à réagir pour diminuer la propagation du mal avec notamment l’installation de plusieurs léproseries. Cependant, ce sont les Montferrandais les plus organisés avec un tribunal unique en France : « la Purge ». Les origines de cette juridiction sont obscures et il faut attendre le début du xive siècle pour en saisir l’existence et le fonctionnement, c’est-à-dire lorsque la juridiction est créée ou officialisée sous la forme d’un tribunal royal. Détenue et présidée par le consulat de Montferrand, la Purge a pour but la convocation, l’examen, le jugement, puis la mise à l’écart des lépreux résidant en Auvergne, mais aussi dans les pays voisins. Le fonctionnement de cet organe juridico-médical est assuré par un organigramme précis composé de notaires, d’huissiers, de greffiers, de sergents, de procureurs, de juges, mais surtout de médecins et de chirurgiens experts en matière de lèpre. En effet, la procédure repose sur un élément capital : la visite médicale et le procès-verbal dressé par les experts médicaux. Le déroulement de cette procédure illustre la place centrale détenue par ces savants puisque c’est à eux que revient le soin de déterminer la présence ou non du mal de lèpre sur l’inculpé. Ce jury d’experts est donc indispensable à la Purge qui ne peut rendre ses sentences ni fonctionner sans lui. Si dans certaines régions l’examen des lépreux peut repousser les praticiens, en Auvergne il n’en est rien. L’office offert par la cour royale de Montferrand attire les cliniciens sur le long terme. La charge est visiblement porteuse de considération, mais apporte surtout des rémunérations considérables à ceux qui visitent les suspects de lèpre. Enfin, pour s’assurer l’entière disponibilité de ses experts, la Purge n’hésite pas à inquiéter les imprudents médecins qui exercent sans sa licence ce qui prouve encore l’utilité de ces conseillers particuliers, mais attestent également de l’émergence d’un système médico-légal en Auvergne à la fin du Moyen Âge. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | At the beginning of the 12th century, Auvergne witnessed the recurrence of a disease that had disappeared for several centuries: leprosy. The endemic disease compelled local authorities to react to reduce its propagation. The authorities of Montferrand were the best organized with a unique court called ‘the Purge’. The origins of this court are uncertain and it is not known how it functioned until the end of the 13th century or the beginning of the 14th century when it was given official status in the form of a royal court. Held and presided over by the consulate of Montferrand, the purpose of the Purge was to summon, examine, judge, and then isolate the lepers residing not only in Auvergne but also in neighboring areas. This medical system functioned in accordance with a precise organization chart composed of notaries, bailiffs, clerks, sergeants, prosecutors and judges, but above all physicians and surgeons who were experts on leprosy. Indeed, consultations and the ensuing reports drawn up by medical experts were the essential element of the procedure. This illustrates the key position held by these scholars since it was their responsibility to determine whether the accused person was leprous or not. This jury of experts was therefore essential to the Purge, which could not pass sentences or function without it. If in certain regions examining lepers repelled practitioners, in Auvergne that was not the case. The office offered by the royal court of Montferrand attracted clinicians in the long term. It obviously brought esteem but above all it guaranteed considerable remuneration to those who examined suspected lepers. Finally, to ensure total availability of its experts, the Purge did not hesitate to prosecute incautious physicians who practiced without its authorization, which again proves the usefulness of these special counselors. |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Purge |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | juridiction royale |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Auvergne |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | expertise médicale |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Moyen Âge |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | lèpre |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Montferrand |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Leper |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Purge |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Royal tribunal |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Middle Ages |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Auvergne |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Montferrand |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Medical appraisal |
| 786 0# - DATA SOURCE ENTRY | |
| Note | Revue historique | 662 | 2 | 2012-05-18 | p. 292-321 | 0035-3264 |
| 856 41 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-historique-2012-2-page-292?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080">https://shs.cairn.info/revue-historique-2012-2-page-292?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080</a> |
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