Compétition autour d’un cadavre. Le procès du pape Formose et ses enjeux (896-904) (notice n° 862958)
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| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | fre |
| 042 ## - AUTHENTICATION CODE | |
| Authentication code | dc |
| 100 10 - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Jégou, Laurent |
| Relator term | author |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Compétition autour d’un cadavre. Le procès du pape Formose et ses enjeux (896-904) |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2015.<br/> |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | 6 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | En 896 ou 897, neuf mois après la mort du pape Formose, un de ses successeurs, Étienne VI, fit exhumer sa dépouille pour la soumettre à un rituel outrageant : le défunt fut revêtu des attributs pontificaux, jugé en concile pour avoir brigué le trône de saint Pierre de manière anticanonique avant d’être dévêtu, mutilé et jeté dans le Tibre. Étienne VI fit également invalider toutes les ordinations qu’avait prononcées son prédécesseur. L’événement a eu un grand retentissement, en raison de la brutalité du procédé, mais aussi parce que les décisions du « concile cadavérique » suscitèrent de vifs débats autour des questions de la translation épiscopale et de la validité des actes liturgiques accomplis par Formose. Il s’inscrit dans le contexte des luttes de faction que se livrèrent à Rome, à la fin du ixe siècle et au début du xe siècle, partisans et adversaires de Formose. Toutefois, il serait erroné de ne voir dans cet épisode macabre que la manifestation d’un déchaînement spontané de violences né d’une exacerbation des passions. Au contraire, le concile de 896/897 et les actions des papes au cours des années 897-910 furent conditionnés par des stratégies rituelles, juridiques, littéraires et mémorielles destinées à légitimer l’autorité des papes successifs. Dans cette competitio memoriae, les partisans de Formose se sont attachés à démontrer la sainteté de Formose, dont découlait la validité de ses actions, pendant que ses adversaires s’employèrent à souiller sa mémoire et à briser les liens personnels qu’il avait tissés durant son pontificat. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | In 896 or 897, nine months after the death of pope Fomosus, his corpse was exhumed by one of his successors, Stephan VI, who subjected him to an insulting ritual. The deceased pope was dressed with papal clothes and was judged by bishops, who accused him of illegal move, from the bishopric of Porto to the seat of saint Peter. After the trial, his judges ordained to remove clothes, to cut off several fingers and sent him into the Tiber. Then, Stephan VI invalidated all liturgical ordinations Formosus had done as a bishop and as a pope. The event had a great impact, because of the savagery of the process, but also because the decisions of the “Cadaver synod” aroused disciplinary, liturgical and theological debates among the Church: it raised the question of episcopal migration from one seat to an other and the validity of sacraments made by an excommunicated pope. The case took place in a troubled context: at the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 10th century, supporters and opponents of Formosus struggled in Rome, aimed to control the papal seat and the curial offices. Nevertheless, the council was nor a spontaneous outburst of violence nor the manifestation of uncontrolled emotions. Instead, the 896/897 synod and the actions of the popes what took place in 897-910’s were guided by ritual, legal, literary and memorial strategies intended to legitimate the authority of the popes. Opponents engaged in a competitio memoriae: Formosus supporters sought to demonstrate his sanctity in order to demonstrate the validity of his ordinations, while his enmities employed many devices to sully his memory and break personal relationships Formosus had forged among the clergy, in aim to deny him papal legitimacy, and to remove him from the list of popes. |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | rituels |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | papauté |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | haut Moyen Âge |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | compétition |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Rome |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | légitimité |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | competition |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | legitimacy |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Rome |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | rituals |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | papacy |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | early Middle Ages |
| 786 0# - DATA SOURCE ENTRY | |
| Note | Revue historique | 675 | 3 | 2015-08-27 | p. 499-524 | 0035-3264 |
| 856 41 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-historique-2015-3-page-499?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080">https://shs.cairn.info/revue-historique-2015-3-page-499?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080</a> |
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