La fabrique d’un diplomate : Jacques de Molay, grand-maître de l’ordre du Temple, et ses voyages en Occident (1292-1296) (notice n° 863768)
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| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | fre |
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| Authentication code | dc |
| 100 10 - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Josserand, Philippe |
| Relator term | author |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | La fabrique d’un diplomate : Jacques de Molay, grand-maître de l’ordre du Temple, et ses voyages en Occident (1292-1296) |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2020.<br/> |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | 80 |
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| Summary, etc. | Jacques de Molay, le dernier grand-maître de l’ordre du Temple, a souffert jusqu’à récemment d’un préjugé négatif dans l’historiographie. Au mieux, il a été tenu pour un homme d’action, souvent confus, mais jamais pour un diplomate. Les Templiers, pourtant, jouaient alors un rôle non négligeable entre les pouvoirs souverains latins. Élu au printemps 1292, dans un contexte international très difficile, Jacques de Molay s’est d’emblée lancé dans des entreprises d’ampleur, où, plus que nombre de ses prédécesseurs, il a pesé et surtout opéré de manière autonome. Pour rétablir son ordre après la perte d’Acre et susciter le lancement d’une nouvelle croisade, il a conduit une action diplomatique résolue. Il n’y avait pas été a priori préparé, mais, à la faveur de deux voyages en Occident, un premier, ignoré de l’historiographie, à l’hiver 1292-1293, et un second, du printemps 1293 à l’automne 1296, pendant trois ans et demi, il a côtoyé les puissants, en premier lieu le roi Charles II de Naples et le pape Boniface VIII, mais aussi Édouard Ier d’Angleterre, Jacques II d’Aragon et, possiblement, Philippe IV le Bel, qui aurait fait de lui le parrain de son dernier fils. Ainsi, en reprenant les sources, peut-on mettre en lumière la fabrique d’un diplomate qui, dans une période de crise aiguë dans le monde latin, a œuvré, selon ses propres mots, « pour l’utilité commune de la chrétienté et la commodité de notre maison ». Le dernier grand-maître du Temple ressort de l’étude avec une consistance tout autre qu’à l’ordinaire et, à travers l’un de ses acteurs importants de la fin du xiiie siècle, la diplomatie occidentale est éclairée tout à la fois en marge des grands cadres étatiques et en relation avec eux. |
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| Summary, etc. | Until recently Jacques de Molay, the last Grand Master of the Templar Order, suffered from a negative prejudice in the historiography. At best, he was seen as a man of action, who happened to be often confused, but never as a diplomat. The Templars, however, then played a significant role between the Latin sovereign powers. Elected in spring 1292, in a very difficult international context, Jacques de Molay immediately launched large-scale undertakings, where, more than his predecessors, he was influential and above all acted independently. To reassure his order after the loss of Acre and spark a new crusade, he conducted resolute diplomatic action. He was not a priori prepared, but, thanks to two journeys to the West – a first one, ignored by scholarship, in winter 1292-1293, and a second one, from spring 1293 to autumn 1296, for three and a half years –, he rubbed shoulders with the powerful, first, King Charles II of Naples and Pope Boniface VIII, but also Edward I of England, James II of Aragon and, possibly, Philip IV the Fair, who allegedly made him the godfather of his last son. So, going back to the sources, can we highlight the making of a diplomat, who, in a period of acute crisis in the Latin world, worked, in his own words, “for the common utility of Christendom and the convenience of our house.” This study thus sheds a very different light on the figure of the last Grand Master of the Temple and, through one of its important actors at the end of the thirteenth century, Western diplomacy is enlightened both at the margins of the great state frameworks and in relation to them. |
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| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | croisade |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | diplomatie |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Occident |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | chrétienté latine |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | ordre du Temple |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | networks |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | diplomacy |
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| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Thirteenth century |
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| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Latin Christendom |
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| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | crusade |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Templar Order |
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| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | West |
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| Note | Revue historique | 696 | 4 | 2020-11-30 | p. 3-21 | 0035-3264 |
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| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-historique-2020-4-page-3?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080">https://shs.cairn.info/revue-historique-2020-4-page-3?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080</a> |
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