Janssen, Rayet, Cornu : Trois parcours exemplaires dans la construction de l'astronomie physique en France (1860-1890) (notice n° 869667)
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| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | fre |
| 042 ## - AUTHENTICATION CODE | |
| Authentication code | dc |
| 100 10 - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Le Gars, Stéphane |
| Relator term | author |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Janssen, Rayet, Cornu : Trois parcours exemplaires dans la construction de l'astronomie physique en France (1860-1890) |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2006.<br/> |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | 3 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | RésuméL’astronomie physique (l’étude de la constitution physique des astres) prend un véritable essor à partir des années 1860 après la découverte des lois de Kirchhoff qui permettent d’interpréter les spectres célestes. Avant qu’elle devienne « astrophysique » au xxe siècle, l’astronomie physique est pratiquée par une communauté d’astronomes et de physiciens en marge de l’astronomie classique (étude de la position des astres et mécanique céleste), notamment en France. L’objet de cet article est de cerner les caractéristiques de cette communauté française méconnue entre 1860 et 1890 en suivant le parcours de trois scientifiques impliqués dans ce champ novateur : Jules Janssen (1824-1907), Alfred Cornu (1841-1902) et Georges Rayet (1839-1906). L’étude de leurs formations, de leurs réseaux de sociabilité et de leurs approches scientifiques et techniques permet de rendre compte des spécificités de la construction de l’astronomie physique française. La discipline apparaît ainsi pratiquée par des physiciens, habiles de leurs mains ; elle prend des formes multiples et se développe dans des lieux divers : observatoires ou laboratoires de grandes écoles. Janssen axe son travail sur la production d’images célestes nouvelles (spectres, photographies), Cornu accorde une importance primordiale à la mesure des raies spectrales tandis que Rayet envisage l’astronomie physique comme une méthode permettant de renouveler l’inventaire des objets célestes. Mais parmi ces pratiques hétéroclites, celle de Cornu semble la plus féconde, permettant une réelle structuration de la discipline. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | Physical astronomy (the study of the physical composition of celestial bodies) grew considerably from the 1860s on, following the discovery of Kirchhoff’s laws, making possible the interpretation of celestial spectra. Before becoming « astrophysics » in the 20th century, physical astronomy was practiced by a community of astronomers and physicists working at the margin of classical astronomy (the study of star positions and celestial mechanics). This paper aims at describing this little-known French community between 1860 and 1890, by following the career of three scientists involved in this new field : Jules Janssen (1824-1907), Alfred Cornu (1841-1902), and Georges Rayet (1839-1906). Their education, their social network, and their scientific and technical approaches allow us to understand the particularities of the construction of French physical astronomy. This new research field was pioneered by experimental physicists, under various forms, and developed in different places such as observatories and the laboratories of the grandes écoles. Janssen focused his work on the production of new celestial pictures (spectra, photographs). Cornu gave primary importance to the measurement of spectral lines, while Rayet saw physical astronomy as a method making it possible to renew the inventory of celestial objects. Among these various approaches, that of Cornu seems to have been the most productive in structuring the discipline. |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Janssen |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | photographie |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Cornu |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | astronomie physique |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | spectroscopie |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Rayet |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | observatoire astronomique |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | astrophysics |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Janssen |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | astronomical observatory |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | spectroscopy |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Cornu |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | photography |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Rayet |
| 700 10 - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Maison, Laetitia |
| Relator term | author |
| 786 0# - DATA SOURCE ENTRY | |
| Note | Revue d'histoire des sciences | 59 | 1 | 2006-06-01 | p. 51-81 | 0151-4105 |
| 856 41 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-des-sciences-2006-1-page-51?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080">https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-des-sciences-2006-1-page-51?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080</a> |
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