Accidents industriels et régulation des risques : l'explosion de la poudrerie de Grenelle en 1794 (notice n° 870143)
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| 041 ## - LANGUAGE CODE | |
| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | fre |
| 042 ## - AUTHENTICATION CODE | |
| Authentication code | dc |
| 100 10 - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Le Roux, Thomas |
| Relator term | author |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Accidents industriels et régulation des risques : l'explosion de la poudrerie de Grenelle en 1794 |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2011.<br/> |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | 81 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | Le 31 août 1794, la poudrerie de Grenelle (Paris) explose faisant plus d’un millier de morts et de blessés ; le 15 octobre 1810, le décret sur les établissements industriels insalubres et dangereux est édicté. Cette proximité chronologique a incité certains auteurs à écrire que la législation sur les industries à risque découlait de cette catastrophe. Cette idée s’est même renforcée après l’explosion de l’usine AZF à Toulouse en 2001 et la mise en place consécutive des plans de prévention des risques technologiques en 2003. Or, l’analyse fine du fonctionnement de la poudrerie et de la régulation postérieure montre au contraire que cet accident industriel n’a eu aucun impact sur le décret de 1810. La poudrerie était exceptionnelle à plusieurs titres : un emplacement à l’intérieur de Paris, la concentration de plusieurs centaines d’ouvriers, un fonctionnement dicté par les impératifs de la mobilisation patriotique du gouvernement révolutionnaire. De plus, passé le paroxysme de l’an II, les créateurs de la poudrerie réussissent à se dédouaner des responsabilités. L’explosion n’a donc pas eu d’incidences sur la loi. Ironiquement, c’est l’ancien responsable de cette poudrerie, Chaptal, qui est au cœur de l’élaboration de la régulation étatique des risques industriels. A la fois industriel pollueur dans ses usines de produits chimiques et homme d’État, Chaptal associe la science à la raison d’État dans un projet de développement économique industrialiste. Tout en occultant la catastrophe de 1794, il prépare une législation favorable aux intérêts industriels et propre à acclimater le risque industriel dans la société. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | On the 31st of August 1794, the Grenelle gunpowder factory (Paris) exploded, killing and injuring more than one thousand victims ; on the 15th of October 1810, the decree on dangerous and harmful factories was enacted. This chronological proximity has led some authors to write that industrial risks regulation was a consequence of this disaster. This idea has even been strengthened after the AZF factory explosion in Toulouse in 2001, and the subsequent implementation plans for prevention of technological risks in 2003. However, a sharper analysis of both the plant operations and the immediate following regulation shows on the contrary that this industrial accident had no impact on the 1810 decree. The gunpowder factory was exceptional in several respects : a location within Paris, the concentration of more than a thousand workers, production processes dictated by the imperatives of the patriotic mobilization of the revolutionary government. Besides, after the peak of Year II, the designers of the gunpowder factory succeeded in clearing through customs. So, the explosion did not have any impact on the law. Ironically, it was Chaptal, the former manager of the gunpowder factory, who was at the heart of the development of the industrial risks regulation of the State. Both an industrial polluter in his chemical plants and a statesman, Chaptal combined science and realpolitik in an industrialist project. While overshadowing the 1794 disaster, he designed rules in favour of industrial interests, hence starting the acceptance of industrial risks in society. |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Chaptal |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | réglementation |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Grenelle |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | poudrerie |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | risques |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | industrie |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | regulation |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | risks |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | industry |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Chaptal |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Grenelle |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | gunpowder factory |
| 786 0# - DATA SOURCE ENTRY | |
| Note | Revue d’histoire moderne & contemporaine | 58-3 | 3 | 2011-09-01 | p. 34-62 | 0048-8003 |
| 856 41 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-moderne-et-contemporaine-2011-3-page-34?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080">https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-moderne-et-contemporaine-2011-3-page-34?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080</a> |
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