Un fil d'Ariane dans le labyrinthe des origines… (notice n° 870637)
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| fixed length control field | 04642cam a2200313 4500500 |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION | |
| control field | 20250123155632.0 |
| 041 ## - LANGUAGE CODE | |
| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | fre |
| 042 ## - AUTHENTICATION CODE | |
| Authentication code | dc |
| 100 10 - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Blanckaert, Claude |
| Relator term | author |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Un fil d'Ariane dans le labyrinthe des origines… |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2007.<br/> |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | 78 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | RésuméLa classification des peuples fut la grande affaire des ethnologues européens de la première moitié du xixe siècle. Avec les travaux de Volney, Friedrich von Schlegel et surtout Adriano Balbi, la langue fut immédiatement préférée comme marqueur identitaire. Ses analogies passaient pour un fil d’Ariane dans le « labyrinthe des origines » et elle produisait d’irrécusables titres de généalogie. Réaffirmée avec force par le plus célèbre comparatiste de l’époque, James Cowles Prichard, lequel opposait la permanence des langues à la variabilité des physionomies ethniques, la priorité de la méthode philologique fut pourtant contrebalancée par beaucoup d’anatomistes. Ces derniers affir-maient, avec Antoine Desmoulins ou Samuel Morton, qu’en bonne taxinomie les traits physiques devaient avoir la préférence. Les peuples changeaient d’idiomes lors des épisodes de conquête et trop d’exemples contradictoires montraient l’infériorité des inductions langagières lorsqu’il fallait décider des parentés réelles. La nouvelle ethnologie des années 1840 va donc ruiner le statu quo antérieur en inversant les termes du rapport prichardien : les caractères de l’organisation distin-guant les races sont fixes quand les caractères linguistiques présentent tous les signes de l’insta-bilité. Cette controverse de principes divisa les savants européens et états-uniens avec cette consé-quence qu’une discipline à peine fondée vivait d’une apparente duplicité. Dès la création de la Société d’anthropologie de Paris en 1859, Paul Broca voudra libérer l’anthropologie de la tutelle des linguistes pour asseoir son domaine sur la biologie. Il s’opposera vigoureusement à la seconde vague d’héritage prichardien, représentée en Angleterre par le baron von Bunsen et en France par Franz Pruner-Bey, un médecin et linguiste bavarois partisan de la variabilité raciale. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | The classification of peoples was a major business for European ethnologists during the first half of the nineteenth century. With the works of Volney, Friedrich von Schlegel and especially Adriano Balbi, language quickly became a preferred marker of identity. It served analogically as an Ariane’s thread in the « labyrinth of origins » and it produced irrefutable proofs of genealogy. Forcefully reaffirmed by the most famous comparativist of the era, James Cowles Prichard, who contrasted the permanence of languages to the variability of ethnic physiognomies, the primacy of the philological method, however, was opposed by many anatomists. The latter maintained, with Antoine Desmoulins or Samuel Morton, that a legitimate taxonomy must give preference to physi-cal traits. Peoples changed idioms following conquests and too many contradictory examples sho-wed the inferiority of linguistic inductions when it came to deciding real kinship links. The new ethnology of the 1840s would therefore undermine the previous state of affairs by inverting the terms of the Prichardian relationship: the organizational characters distinguishing the races are fixed while linguistic characters show every sign of instability. This controversy over principles divided European and American savants with the result that the newly-founded discipline was fractured by a seeming internal contradiction. With the creation of the Société d’anthropologie de Paris in 1859, Paul Broca would liberate anthropology from the tutelage of the linguists by grounding its domain in biology. He would vigorously oppose the second wave of the Prichardian heritage, represented in England by Baron von Bunsen and in France by Franz Pruner-Bey, a Bavarian doctor and linguist and an advocate of racial variability. |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Classification |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Ethnologie |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Philologie |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Subordination des caractères |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Races |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Langages |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Classification |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Languages |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Subordination of Characters |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Ethnology |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Races |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Philology |
| 786 0# - DATA SOURCE ENTRY | |
| Note | Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Humaines | 17 | 2 | 2007-09-01 | p. 137-171 | 1622-468X |
| 856 41 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-histoire-des-sciences-humaines-2007-2-page-137?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080">https://shs.cairn.info/revue-histoire-des-sciences-humaines-2007-2-page-137?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080</a> |
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