Pour une sociologie de chair et de sang (notice n° 987077)

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Personal name Wacquant, Loïc
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Title Pour une sociologie de chair et de sang
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Date of publication, distribution, etc. 2015.<br/>
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General note 75
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Summary, etc. Cet article élabore l’ontologie et la méthodologie sociales de la sociologie charnelle comme mode distinctif d’investigation déjouant la posture spectatrice pour saisir l’action-en-trainde-se-faire, dans le sillage des débats suscités par mon enquête par apprentissage sur la boxe comme art du corps plébéien. Je critique d’abord les notions (dualiste) d’agent, (externaliste) de structure et (mentaliste) de connaissance qui régentent les sciences sociales contemporaines et j’ébauche une conception alternative de l’animal social considéré non pas comme un simple manipulateur de symboles mais comme une créature de chair et de sang sensible, souffrante, sachant-faire, sédimentée et située. Je mets en exergue la primauté du savoir pratique incorporé qui survient des trames d’action dans lesquelles il est continuellement imbriqué, et j’examine quelles sont les modalités d’enquête aptes à déployer et à tirer profit de cette conception incarnée de l’agent. Je soutiens que l’ ethnographie énactive, variante du travail de terrain par immersion fondée sur l’« effectuation du phénomène », ouvre une voie féconde pour saisir les schèmes cognitifs, conatifs et cathectiques (habitus) qui génèrent les conduites et sous-tendent le cosmos considéré. Mais il faut de l’audace et de la ténacité sociales pour tirer parti de la « participation observante » et atteindre la compétence sociale (par opposition à la saturation empirique). Je reviens en conclusion sur le dialogue de Bourdieu avec Pascal afin de soupeser les difficultés et de souligner l’urgence de saisir l’« esprit de finesse » qui anime toute compétence mais qui disparaît des comptesrendus de la science sociale normale.
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Summary, etc. This article elaborates the social ontology and methodology of carnal sociology as a distinctive mode of social inquiry eschewing the spectatorial posture to grasp action-in-the-making, in the wake of debates triggered by my apprenticeship-based study of boxing as a plebeian bodily craft. First I critique the notions of (dualist) agent, (externalist) structure, and (mentalist) knowledge prevalent in the contemporary social sciences and sketch an alternative conception of the social animal, not just as wielder of symbols, but as sensate, suffering, skilled, sedimented, and situated creature of flesh and blood. I spotlight the primacy of embodied practical knowledge arising out of and continuously enmeshed in webs of action and consider what modes of inquiry are suited to deploying and mining this incarnate conception of the agent. I argue that enactive ethnography, the brand of immersive fieldwork based on “performing the phenomenon,” is a fruitful path toward capturing the cognitive, conative, and cathectic schemata (habitus) that generate the practices and underlie the cosmos under investigation. But it takes social spunk and persistence to reap the rewards of “observant participation” and achieve social competency (as distinct from empirical saturation). In closing, I return to Bourdieu’s dialogue with Pascal to consider the special difficulty and urgency of capturing the “spirit of acuteness” that animates such competency but vanishes from normal sociological accounts.
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Note Terrains & travaux | 26 | 1 | 2015-09-08 | p. 239-256 | 1627-9506
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Uniform Resource Identifier <a href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-terrains-et-travaux-2015-1-page-239?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080">https://shs.cairn.info/revue-terrains-et-travaux-2015-1-page-239?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080</a>

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