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This text constitutes an attempt to explain the complexity of the question of the decentralization of the industrial relations. At the beginning of the years 70 the branch became the prevalent level in most countries of the European Union, with the noticeble exception of the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, a certain diversity of the sectorial systems of collective relations of work constitutes a first illustration of the question. Moreover, during the recent time, the wages’ increase is subjected to a national standard like with an European coordination. In addition, the multidimensionnality is observed in the choice of the topics negotiated between the interlocutors. This evolution seems to support the widening of the gap between the standards determined at the central level and the evolution of the effective terms of employment on the level of the companies.