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After some preliminary remarks by reference to economic epistemology, the paper draws a parallel between the crucial economic problems issued from the globalization on the one hand and our search of an explanatory theory in order to solve these problems on the other hand. Undoubtedly, the understanding of the phenomenon of worldwide globalization requires a very general theory. For that reason, we must move forward upon a “highway” and not a “by-way” – the “wide road” of Dupriez – allowing a good outlook for the future. Going to the sources of the Principles of Political Economy written by the great classics like Ricardo and Malthus, going also to the equilibrium theory of the neo-classics like Walras and reviewing with criticism the General Theory of Keynes and the monetarism, Léon-H. Dupriez built up and generalized these general theories. All that allows us to approach some key problems of the mankind as population’s growth, worldwide division of labor, unfair competition, or subsistence wages. Finally, thanks to the excellent contributors of this volume, our concern is to promote somewhat a worldwide Economics of Welfare.