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This paper sheds light on agricultural anaerobic digestion, examining the tension between the challenges of energy transition and those of ecological transition when we consider the territorialisation of actors and processes, and not only the production of renewable energy. Based on the existing studies devoted to the subject, the analysis aims to present an outline of the field. The authors adopt a bibliometric approach based on works in both French and English. They use the free software IRaMuTeQ, which counts occurrences of words and takes lexical proximity into account and provides graphical representations. This lexical analysis is combined with a qualitative reading of the articles. It appears that the societal issues linked to agricultural anaerobic digestion cannot be grasped from one single perspective but should be analysed both in terms of project —its territorialised dimension is reflected spatially and through the interactions between the multiple actors involved— and of energy production —reconfigured in relation to a set of social, economic and regulatory opportunities and obligations. These dynamics are reflected socially in stakeholders’ interactions and differing perceptions, and materially rooted in a whole ecosystem, having a strong influence on the technologies used (the management of effluents, etc.) as well as on the social groups involved (when faced with calls to change their agricultural and cultivation practices for example). This raises the issue of repositioning the energy repertoire that primarily characterizes the studies about anaerobic digestion projects within a broader ecological transition frame: biogas production appears to be under-studied in terms of sustainability and, even more than other renewable energies, requires a relational analysis to account for the diversity of positions and debates at stake.