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Introduction: Incorporating gender considerations is a modern challenge for those developing policies and interventions in the field of addictology, particularly with regard to women and transgender people. A book published under the aegis of the Pompidou Group (Council of Europe) offers cross-cultural and evidence-based recommendations in this area. Purpose of the study: This article provides an operational overview of this work, presenting the data that drives approaches to addictology that are sensitive to women’s and transgender people’s needs, and suggesting ways of adapting preventive and medico-social interventions. Results: Women and trans people are disproportionately affected by the health consequences and violence associated with drug use. Prevention must address gender norms that may act as a catalyst for drug use and gender-based violence, in order to curb these mechanisms at an early stage and remove barriers to seeking help. At all stages of care, it is crucial to consider psycho-trauma, particularly for women and transgender people, in order to facilitate their access to care and adapt responses to the specific needs of these groups, beyond the issues of pregnancy and motherhood. Practical or clinical arrangements are sometimes necessary to lower the barriers to access to care (fear of stigmatization, fear for safety, etc.). Conclusion: Developing gender sensitivity in addictology is feasible, ethical, and relevant. This shift requires innovative and evaluated responses to promote the dissemination of effective measures.