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Male and female infertility has become a worldwide public health problem. The global obesity epidemic has developed alongside a decrease in semen quality. Yet, the association between body mass index (BMI) and sperm parameters remains controversial. The objective of this study is to determine the link between body mass index and sperm parameters. We conducted an observational study and a retrospective analysis. Men who had a semen analysis during the period of January 2015 to September 2021 at Reims University Hospital were included. A total of 1,655 patients were recruited and separated into five groups according to their BMI values. Second- and third-degree obesity had a significantly higher risk of having a pathological sperm count (p: 0.0038). Second- and third-degree obesity was associated with a pathologic vitality (p: 0.012). No significant link existed between sperm mobility and body mass index. On the other hand, low body mass index had a significant impact on sperm morphology (p: 0.013). Sperm morphology was also impacted in the overweight and obese groups of men. It is essential to inform couples about the impact of body weight in order to improve sperm parameters, spontaneous pregnancies, and the efficacity of assisted reproductive techniques.