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Following the Oslo Accords, the assistance program set up for the West Bank and the Gaza Strip represents one of the most important examples of peacebuilding through aid to be launched in the post–Cold War era. However, in a highly volatile post-conflict context characterized by the continuing Israeli occupation of the Palestinian Territories (PT), by the absence of significant diplomatic progress, as well as by the lack of arbitration mechanisms to end the violence, the aid objectives have been perverted. With the beginning of the second Intifada and the new humanitarian crises, aid has indirectly and paradoxically fueled the continuing armed conflict, becoming thus the hostage and the fig leaf at the same time for the international donors and political decision makers.