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Several studies in the literature have confirmed the substantial impact of occupational stress (OS) on the physical health of workers, defining it as a serious public health issue at the global level. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and analysis of the literature of studies that have investigated the positive correlation between OS and physical disorders in workers. The purpose was to identify robust data to help raise awareness about the urgent need to prevent the severe consequences of occupational stress on workers’ health. These findings also serve as an important starting point for future research on this subject. The literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) checklist as a formal guideline for systematic data collection. Data were obtained from the following sources: ScienceDirect, PubMed, Medline, Cairn, and Semantic Scholar, in both French and English. Nineteen studies published between 2000 and 2023 were identified. The physical disorders identified by this review include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, musculoskeletal disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, fatigue, and weight gain or loss. Studies from several countries were examined, but very few studies of OS and its impact on health were identified in the literature from Middle Eastern and African countries. This analytical work provides robust evidence from the literature about the strong positive correlation between OS and the physical health of workers. It points to the need to implement effective strategies around the world to preserve the health and well-being of workers.