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Since the implementation of the National Park policy in France, several successive biodiversity conservation strategies have been implemented. The first one aims at isolating some portions of territory as National Parks or natural reserves ; it was followed by the creation of Regional Natural Parks, where biodiversity was weakly taken into account as a part of a natural or a cultural heritage of the inhabitants of a territory. Implemented by local authorities, Local management broader projects of local development took biodiversity issues into account. Agro-environment schemes and the Natura 2000 European network then change the way biodiversity was dealt with. In short, biodiversity replaced 'nature' or 'natural heritage'. The new Habitats and Bird directives take explicitly into account the relationships between land use practices and biodiversity : human action is no longer seen exclusively as having a negative impact. Human land use is likely to have a positive effect on the conservation of habitats and of patrimonial species or of communal interest, stakeholders' strategies and choices cannot ignore biodiversity anymore. As biodiversity becomes one of the criteria in land management, the value of geographical analysis is highlighted.