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This article explores the relevance of Murray Bookchin’s ideas in the struggle against the ecological catastrophe. A pioneer of social ecology, Murray Bookchin criticises capitalist lifestyles and advocates a radical political and territorial decentralisation, linking ecological problems to social structures of domination. The article compares this approach to subsistence ecology, which values communitarian self-sufficiency and criticises technological dependency. The article argues for a better integration of Murray Bookchin’s ideas into contemporary ecological movements, enriching them with postcolonial critiques and an inclusion of non-human living beings, for a reinvented modernity combining social justice and ecological sustainability.