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The genesis of Axel Honneth’s ethics of recognition represents an attempt to critically rejuvenate historical materialism through an emphasis on the normative dimensions and the anthropological preconditions of social interaction. By making explicit this project to redefine a theory of praxis, the exact theoretical stance and the full practical potential of Honneth’s social theory can be stressed. However, by contrast to its initial formulation, the mature theory of recognition appears to have interpreted praxis in a narrow interpersonalist sense. This is especially evident for the spheres of socialization and labor. The last part of the article argues that the initial definition of the project could have been taken in a more materialist direction. This would define the second Marxist horizon of the ethics of recognition, one of fruitful future developments.