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Innovation is a multidimensional concept. It encompasses the introduction of new elements in various fields, ranging from products and processes to organizational and marketing methods. Innovation can be seen as a process, a mindset, a result, or an end goal. It can be radical or incremental, and its value can be perceived differently depending on the aspirations and roles of economic actors. Innovation involves successful implementation and the creation of value for the company, entrepreneur, or society. As a dynamic process, innovation takes shape in concrete institutional and organizational configurations: innovation systems and ecosystems. What are the conditions for the emergence, consolidation, and resilience of innovation systems and ecosystems in an unstable and interdependent global economy? How can the collaborative and open dynamics that constitute systemic innovation be supported, guided, and institutionalized at different scales? What are the obstacles encountered, the theoretical or practical limitations, and the levers for action that can be mobilized? These are the questions that this article seeks to answer, based on a critical review of the specialized knowledge base of the journal Innovations, Revue d’Economie et de Management de l’Innovation/Journal of Innovation Economics & Management, which celebrates its 30th anniversary in 2025.JEL Codes: O3, L1, G18, H7, M1, Q5, R12