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This article presents a first state of knowledge on the common furniture beetle ( Anobium punctatum De Geer, 1774), based on archaeobotanical data. The systematic analysis of the traces of this xylophagous and the repetition of its presence on different Gallo-Roman sites documents the processes of deconstruction of a building and sheds light on practices such as reuse. They also help to understand the attractiveness of wood in the field of heritage conservation. The studies of galleries and faecal pellets (identification, counting, location) combined with xylological and anthracological elements (wood species, anatomy), all interwoven with archaeological data, reveals a strong potential for supporting in the interpretation of archaeological wood, particularly timber (framework, floor). This ubiquitous insect, because of its synanthropy and biology, can be considered as an archaeological marker. When identified, it is possible to obtain information on the source of the infestation of the structure and its importance, which allows to evaluate the wood condition. Sometimes, different archaeological contexts (kiln, fireplace) document the reuse of old timber. Finally, when it is absent, even though all the conditions seem to have been met for its implantation, other questions arise: about the treatment of the wood, the age of the structure, the tannins of the species…