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From the 1980s, some economists believed that the Keynesian Treatise of Probability was a key element of the “fundamentalist” approach based on uncertainty. According to them, there was a complementary relationship between the Treatise and the General Theory. However, such a radical project based on the Treatise of Probability has never succeeded, although it is found in the developments of Chapter 12 of the General Theory. We are trying to understand firstly what motivated the emergence of such a point of view, and secondly why this project has not been developed as some French economists had anticipated. We show that the object of analysis of the Treatise covers a different type of uncertainty than that of the General Theory. JEL classification: B22, B40, B50