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This paper approaches economic philosophy in a field with three converging pairs: political economy/social philosophy, normative economics/moral philosophy, and economics/philosophy of science. The paper first shows that economic philosophy presupposes a Hayekian conception of how the human mind forms and the ways of economic progress; a design that offers the possibility of linking biological, moral, and epistemological arguments in a single whole. Despite this heritage, it is also undeniable that economic philosophy keeps its distance with respect to Hayek, in particular, from the standpoint of the criteria for validating a theory. While Hayek is animated by a concern for scientific truth, economic philosophy considers it necessary to establish another criterion for validity, this time the predictive ability of a theory. However, this does not necessarily indicate a critical distance from Hayek; rather, it can be considered an act of further allegiance.