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In recent years many English-speaking (but also Dutch and Scandinavian) scholars have fruitfully explored the interactions between gender and written culture in late medieval England. These studies merit consideration and comparison with recent developments in French historiography. Many of these works can be placed within the framework of studies on “literacy/orality/aurality” and pay particular attention to the complexities of the content and forms of women’s knowledge and their transmission at all levels. These studies emphasize the multiplicity of situations and models according to social, political and religious contexts. They enlarge and question the notion of literacy as well as the relations of domination between men and women and the resulting tensions and negotiations. As such, they map a far more complex cultural landscape