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This article shows the interest in and difficulty of building a research project on a phenomenon such as “school dropout” using a psychoanalytic approach in the field of education. It focuses on the presentation of an original research tool based on drawing. The analysis of the research data and the links between the subjective dimension and the social and institutional dimensions has made it possible to consider the issue of school dropout as the expression of new forms of “relational dropout” at work in modernity.