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Introduction: The digital age, characterized by a wide range of devices and screens such as smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, and virtual reality, is commonly referred to under the terms ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) or NICT (New Information and Communication Technologies). Young people aged 15–24 age stand out as the biggest Internet users, spending an average of 4 hours online per day. Medical students are no exception, particularly given the significant stress of their studies. The primary aim of this study is therefore to determine the prevalence of the “screen-use disorder” phenotype among medical students from the second to the sixth year. Secondary objectives are to assess the psychopathological factors associated with our hypothetical concept of “screen-use disorder.” Methodology: Participants in this cross-sectional observational study were anonymously recruited from second-to-sixth year medical students at the university. A self-administered questionnaire, voluntary and unpaid, was administered to all medical students at Université Paris Cité. It assessed sociodemographic, environmental, and psychopathological characteristics using multiple-choice questions and various validated clinical scales. As no therapeutic intervention was involved, no ethical issues were raised. Data collection was carried out from April 19, 2023, to May 19, 2023, at which point the data were extracted using Excel. Results : A total of 154 subjects were included in this study, with a mean age of 21 years. The mean score for the Screen Addiction Test (SAT) was 25.67 (± 5.24) in “SAT–” subjects versus 40.89 (± 3.82) in “SAT+” subjects—almost twice as high. After conducting statistical tests, we observed (according to the adjusted model in Table 6) that subjects with screen-use disorders were significantly more anxious (OR = 2.97, 95% CI [1.21, 7.84], p = 0.021), more depressed (OR = 4.22, 95% CI [1.73, 10.7], p = 0.002), and had more sleep disorders (OR = 4.28, 95% CI [1.51, 15.4], p = 0.012) than the rest of the population. Conclusion: Medical students already present high levels of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders, and this study shows that students with screen-use disorders are even more affected by these psychopathological factors, and at greater risk of worsening these symptoms.