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Rape and sexual assault against children are a widespread phenomenon. According to a 2016 systematic literature review, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in 2012, one in four adults had experienced physical violence during childhood. Due to their severity, these forms of abuse profoundly harm the well-being and development of affected children and represent major risk factors for long-term mental health, psychological, and social difficulties, which may persist into adulthood and impair normal functioning. As early as 2006, the WHO’s guide “Preventing Child Maltreatment” advised: “Intensifying child maltreatment prevention . . . requires that the seriousness of the problem . . . be understood.” The first dossier will address the true scale and consequences of this issue. A follow-up will explore the challenges, care strategies, and possible preventive measures.