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Despite advances in research and clinical practice, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains a major public health challenge due to the lack of early detection and effective treatments. In this context, oncolytic viruses have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative. These viruses selectively infect and lyse cancer cells after replication, while also having the potential to induce an antitumor immune response. This review explores the fundamental aspects of pancreatic cancer and its management, along with the principles of oncolytic virotherapy, highlighting clinically used viruses, before discussing the therapeutic potential of the SG33 myxoma virus strain in pancreatic cancer virotherapy.