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In his book, Laurent Mottron offers a critical analysis of the evolution of autism diagnostic criteria and the consequences of their broadening. He opposes excessive medicalization while rejecting the notion of autism as a purely social construct. He introduces the hypothesis of developmental bifurcation, suggesting a distinct trajectory from early childhood. These discussions are part of a broader reflection on the legitimacy of diagnostic frameworks within classification systems and the challenges of defining phenotypic subgroups for research. Several findings highlight the need to further investigate autism trajectories, particularly those characterized by developmental regression, in order to identify underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. With a more stable definition, regression could serve as a key marker, though its variability and determining factors remain to be clarified. The original concept of developmental bifurcation warrants further exploration, especially considering developmental plasticity and the influence of environmental interactions on the progression of autism symptoms. These debates emphasize the importance of regularly reassessing diagnostic criteria, clinical practices, and conceptual representations of autism to ensure that classifications and interventions align with scientific progress and clinical realities.