48

While undermining the foundations of life within their group, the intentional dimension of the traumatism experienced by Algerian families as a result of terrorism also caused a dislocation of family bonds. Specifically, there was an invalidation of the fathers as they had failed in their protective role or were themselves engaged in an ideological combat generating violence and a refusal of otherness. This traumatic experience roused an especially painful feeling: shame. However, any child confronted by a relative who has been invalidated by the intentionality of acts of violence (acts silenced by the parents due to their shameful nature) is placed in a situation of total confusion through the loss of both internal and external references.