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This article examines the dynamics of transformation in complex product systems (CoPS) industries, using the space industry as a case study. The new space economy refers to a profound transformation movement whose roots are linked in particular to a series of major technological (e.g., miniaturization, digitization) and regulatory (e.g., US Space Act) innovations. In this context, how are established private and public organizations (e.g., space agencies, satellite manufacturers) adapting their scientific and technological competencies and R&D policies? To address this question, we use patent data to study the evolution of the knowledge bases of these historical players over the long term (2000-2023), and to identify those that are integrating into the new paradigm and their speeds of integration, as well as the development choices they favor.