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To what extent may the realist Scandinavian theories in general and those of Alf Ross more specifically, be said to contribute to an empirical knowledge about law, which was their intention? On the one hand, one may admit the empirical scope of an approach that defines the judge as the addressee of the rule of law, introducing the practice at the core of the theoretical analysis of the law. On the other hand, however, such a theory does not enable one to catch the predictive dimension of the judge’s action, since the social actor’s view has not been taken into account.