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Transparency has become a buzz word in public life and sometimes one struggles to understand its meaning and its limits. If it is the means of assuring the legality and the respect for an elementary or socially shared moraliation, its use contributes to the modification of publicly visible behaviors. Progressively, it has morphed into the foundation of public action. It is therefore necessary to analyze the effects of the state’s submission to the exigencies of transparency and its influence on the very content of the law and on public actors’ behavior. In this sense, it constitutes an explanatory etiology of the evolution of the state and of the law’s communicative functions.