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This article examines the place and status of victims in the international Nuremberg trial (1945-1946). Based on varied sources, it shows that the victims were considered in collective and national terms rather than as individuals suffering individually; this is evidenced by the work of the Allied legal teams as well as the mobilizations for an official representation of Jewish victims in the prosecutor’s office or, at least, as amicus curiae. The article then turns to the fourteen individual victims cited as witnesses by the prosecution. It explores the meaning assigned to their testimony, their ability to overplay their role, and how the trial furthered specific “testimonial careers.” Ultimately, by measuring the gap between the “victim” of 1945 and that of today, this article reflects on the emergence of this contemporary figure of the victim seeking (individual) recognition of its statute by judicial means.