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Pascal Lamy, former chef de Cabinet of Jacques Delors and European Commissioner for Trade, first relates his European experiences and the evolution of the functioning of the European institutions overtime. He then highlights the main present challenges facing Europe and also stresses the fallacies found in the public debate. The first main challenge - to renew with growth as Europe lags behind the US - means investing heavily in technology and pursuing the implementation of the European Single Market Policy. Second, and most important, is the absolute necessity to create a European demos whose absence is a major obstacle on the road to a well-functioning and world-respected Europe. This anthro-political challenge needs to be tackled urgently in times of Brexit.JEL Codes: E61, F15, F45, F55.