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This article provides a critical examination of economic evaluation methods for health programmes and of techniques in the specific area of occupational health and safety. The study focuses on the evaluation methods that can be applied at two levels – the business level and the societal level. With respect to evaluation at the level of society, the importance of the social conception of risk as an influential factor that affects economic evaluation is emphasized. This study points to the need to formulate measures that will incorporate such social parameters in the evaluation of prevention programmes for health and safety in the workplace.