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Introduction: As part of the 2023 pension reform in France, a fund for the prevention of occupational wear and tear (fonds pour la prévention de l’usure professionnelle, FIPU) was set up to prevent premature aging and musculoskeletal disorders. In accordance with French law, the FIPU takes into consideration exposure to three biomechanical criteria: manual handling of loads, painful positions at work, and mechanical vibrations. The aim of our study was to identify the occupational categories most exposed to the three FIPU criteria, as well as to another biomechanical risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders: repetitive work. Methods: The analyses are based on cross-sectional data from the French CONSTANCES cohort (Consultants des centres d’examens de santé). Exposure to the three FIPU criteria and to repetitive work were described according to occupational categories (based on the French nomenaculture for occupational groups [Familles professionnelles, FAPs]). Results: Among men, the FAPs most exposed to at least one of the three FIPU criteria were skilled construction workers (structural and finishing work: 95.8% and 88.1%) and metal workers (86.0%). Among women, the FAPs most impacted were home help personnel and cleaners (80.3%), assistant nurses (79.2%), and childcare assistants (77.1%). Adding the repetitive work factor increased the proportion of exposed workers, particularly among women, and highlighted new occupations, not obtained with the FIPU criteria alone. Discussion: This study provides precise quantitative data on exposure to biomechanical risk factors in France, differentiated by gender. In this sense, it helps to better identify the factors to consider for the prevention of occupational wear and tear.