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The psychological consequences of premature birth affect early mother–child interactions. Maternal depression and perinatal post-traumatic stress syndromes are clinical conditions well-known to neonatal care professionals. However, these common conditions are rarely named and addressed. In cases of depression, blunted affect and diminished sensitivity interfere with the mother’s ability to adjust to her child’s behaviors. Mothers who develop post-traumatic stress disorder may be less sensitive to their baby’s cues. Emotionally numb but determined nonetheless, their care for their newborn runs the risk of being perceived as automatic. Such early interactions carry a risk of neurodevelopmental disorders and behavioral regulation difficulties. Child- and family-centered care programs, which encourage close observation of behavior and interactions, are a key element in providing care and preventing these high-risk situations.