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This article traces the evolution of anti-Jewish hostility in Libya from 1943 to 1970 through three periods: the British administration (1943–1951), the Kingdom of Libya under King Idris (1951–1969), and Gaddhafi’s revolutionary regime (from 1969 onward). Drawing on diplomatic sources and archives from Jewish organizations, the study identifies the main axes through which this hostility developed after the Second World War. It particularly highlights the interaction between internal and international dynamics, as well as the convergence of religious, political, and socio-economic factors in the emergence of anti-Jewish discourses and practices. The author emphasizes the importance of a contextualized approach to antisemitism in Libya, moving beyond the tendency to generalize anti-Jewish hostility across Arab and Muslim countries, and calls for further research into the actors and channels that shaped these forms of hostility, with the aim of producing a more nuanced and articulated historical narrative.