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More than three and a half years after the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, the rearmament of states in Europe has not led to a rearmament of Europe. Why do Europe’s military-industrial capabilities remain insufficient and fragmented on the continent to ensure collective security, despite the budgetary efforts made by European states and the multiple political initiatives taken by the EU? The accentuation of the dependence of European states on the United States is the dominant argument to explain the weakening of Europe’s capacity for military-industrial action. In addition to this “exogenous” argument insisting on the weak strategic autonomy of Europe, an “endogenous” argument is developed in this article according to which the military-industrial weakening of Europe is also to be sought, at the heart of Europe: it is the thesis of the rearmament of states against Europe. Counterintuitively, the rearmament of states in Europe can reinforce the military-industrial weakness of Europe