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The encyclical Laudato Si’, published by Pope Francis in June 2015, is a new feature both in the Catholic Church and in the political sphere. Indeed, the proposal of an “integral ecology” that is at the same time social and environmental, political, cultural and spiritual, is original. This article aims to revisit the conceptual genealogy of this landmark text. First, although the theoretical anchoring in the Catholic tradition is strong, the chosen use of holy texts and theological currents guides the statement. Second, the influence of certain social sciences and ecological militant currents is strong. The Pope uses their framework of analysis, and directs them towards an end that is specific to Christianity: the salvation (redemption) of the world. The text, thus anchored and oriented, gives an astonishing political discourse, which is spiritually driven.