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The foundation of the Bank of France in 1800 illustrates Bonaparte’s ability to respond with speed and pragmatism to a critical financial situation. Although he had previously shown little interest in banking matters, the First Consul mobilized private capital while securing state support, in order to restore confidence and provide the economy with stable credit instruments. The institutional framework reflects Napoleonic logic: strong public intervention without nationalization, division of responsibilities to prevent any concentration of power, and relative autonomy of the Bank from the government. Napoleon assigned the institution a central macroeconomic role: to support trade and industry through discounted credit at moderate rates, without becoming the regime’s exclusive source of financing. Despite occasional reversals dictated by circumstance, this balance was largely maintained, ensuring the Bank’s durability. Two centuries later, the Bank of France, now independent and integrated within the Eurosystem, still preserves the essential features of its original model, confirming the long-lasting relevance of the Napoleonic legacy.