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This study analyzes the socioeconomic factors of agricultural land clearing in the southwestern area of Burkina Faso using an econometric modeling based on the theory of land rent. Data were collected through household surveys from a sample of 538 households bordering the forests of Boulon and Koflandé in 2008. The study shows that land clearing is increasing in the study area. This clearing is associated with the decrease of farm net income per hectare, the grow of cotton and sorghum, and the marital and the poverty status of the head of the household. Findings suggest that agricultural intensification needs to be promoted as an option for reducing land clearing in the southwestern region of Burkina Faso.