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The changes brought about by the DSM5 in the diagnosis of ASD have both complicated things and opened perspectives. This is particularly the case when it comes to research practices, with an unclear use of the notion of “Autism Spectrum Disorder.” On the other hand, these changes emphasize the genetic constraints and the appearance of the first signs with the concept of “Neurodevelopmental Disorder.” Moreover, they lend themselves quite well to the use of Bayesian models and artificial intelligence (deep learning).