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Halfway through the 2030 Agenda, the SDGs are having difficulty gaining traction in the Global South due to structural constraints and persistent asymmetries. This article analyzes North-South relations and the inequalities they produce. It first explores the limits of the sustainable development agenda as applied in the Global South, then examines how just transitions, progressively integrated into national planning strategies, attempt to address the common challenges of decarbonization (informality, energy precarity, financial dependency, lack of data). The emergence of these proposals for just transitions calls for a reevaluation of the institutional, financial, and democratic frameworks of governance to better align justice and sustainability.JEL codes: Q01, F5, D63, P28, P18