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The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework and methodology for studying the entrepreneurial project, and specifically what we call entrepreneurial project activity. We focus on entrepreneurs’ practices: what they do and how they do it in a particular situation. It is a new kind of qualitative methodology: typically, this type of method mostly focuses on the “talk” whereas we concentrate on the “walk.” Among these practices, we focus on that which is specific to the planning and implementation of a new collective action in the form of a project (Boutinet 1996). We are interested in the capacity for entrepreneurship as developed by Marchesnay (2010), in the context of a pragmatic philosophy after James (1912) in the specific economic context of entrepreneurship.