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Understanding the impact of environmental issues and interactions during the first 1,000 days of life is key to building a health promotion strategy for this period. Determinants relating to past experience, living conditions, and interactions will have a critical impact on the body and its ability to adapt over time. Health prevention and promotion strategies for the first 1,000 days of life should take into account this scientific knowledge and the perspectives it opens up. This calls for the adjustment of approaches to the way in which useful information and adapted and proportionate interventions are made available to future parents, and the population at large, to reduce the impact of vulnerabilities on healthy child development. All the available knowledge allows for a new vision of perinatal experiences as determinants of the individual’s future health at all stages of life.