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Introduction Occupational health is an issue for health authorities, a challenge for employers, and a concern for workers. It also has a major potential economic impact. One risk factor that can influence the health of workers is chronic stress related to work, specifically the imbalance between the constraints placed upon the worker, related to the tasks to be performed, and the resources available to perform such tasks. Objectives The objective is to identify stresses at work using the Job Stress Index, an indicator of working conditions which measures constraints in the workplace against available resources, as well as the exhaustion felt by the worker and any resulting economic impacts, and to estimate their evolution over time. Methods Cross-sectional surveys covering 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020 were conducted among a representative sample of working people at the national level. Results Regarding levels of stress among the population surveyed, represented by an imbalance between resources and constraints, we note that between 24.8% and 29.5% of individuals are subjected to working conditions considered to be stressful. This trend rose between 2014 and 2020. Regarding the level of emotional exhaustion among the study population, between 24% and 29% feel somewhat exhausted or very exhausted. This trend is also rising, and percentages are correlated with levels of stress. A drop in productivity (estimated at 13% to 15%), as measured by an increase in absenteeism and presenteeism, is observed. This phenomenon is particularly marked among younger workers. Conclusion Stress at work is indeed an important issue in terms of public health, but it also represents an economic challenge. Preventing it therefore deserves more consideration by the authorities.