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Agriculture and food are at the heart of a number of interconnected challenges, including the depletion of natural resources, pollution, the erosion of biodiversity, climate change, and an increase in chronic and infectious diseases. New, integrative health-based approaches are needed to move beyond “siloed” approaches that fail to consider the multiple interdependencies between human, animal, and environmental health. However, existing approaches to health mostly deal with disease vectors and the impacts of the environment on human health. We propose to enrich the “One Health” concept, which is based on the interdependencies between human, animal, and environmental health, by distinguishing between agroecosystems (local scale) and global ecosystems (land, water, the atmosphere, and biocenoses) in environmental health. In this way, it is possible to explicitly address the relationships between the food system, from field to fork, and the four domains of health, and thus to think about changes to be made to meet contemporary local and planetary challenges.