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One of the principal functions of educational systems is to train citizens to be loyal to their country, the state, and the nation. This study of the Israeli curriculum from a historical perspective, from the creation of the state to the present, enables us to follow the development of a national ideology that determines the national consciousness of non-religious Jewish students. Four concepts of the nation emerged: “a nation that has the right to be a state,” “a nation by right of religion,” “a state for a persecuted nation,” and “a state for all its citizens.” We can see that over time the more specific “Jewish” aspect of the national ideology has grown in importance at the expense of the original and more universal “Israeli” feature. Incorporating new national images into the curriculum is a necessary response to the need to update the national ideology and to adapt it to the social and political changes in the country.